{"id":325807,"date":"2022-05-13T01:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-05-12T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/medizinonline.com\/in-vitro-study-of-the-effects-of-a-bacterial-lysate-in-human-epithelial-tissue\/"},"modified":"2022-05-13T01:00:00","modified_gmt":"2022-05-12T23:00:00","slug":"in-vitro-study-of-the-effects-of-a-bacterial-lysate-in-human-epithelial-tissue","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/medizinonline.com\/en\/in-vitro-study-of-the-effects-of-a-bacterial-lysate-in-human-epithelial-tissue\/","title":{"rendered":"In vitro study of the effects of a bacterial lysate in human epithelial tissue."},"content":{"rendered":"

Study results from a research team at the Department of Biomedicine at University Hospital Basel support the hypothesis that the bacterial lysate OM-85 may have utility in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection and reducing the severity of Covid-19 disease. Laboratory experiments showed a reduction in the expression of membrane-bound ACE2 and of heparan sulfate as well as of the transmembrane protein TMPRSS.<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Bacterial lysate-based drugs contain several strains of inactivated bacterial fractions, to which immunomodulatory effects are attributed. OM-85 (Broncho-Vaxom\u00ae) is a bacterial lysate approved in Switzerland for the preventive treatment of upper respiratory tract infections [1]. A potential prophylactic or therapeutic benefit of OM-85 with respect to SARS-CoV-2 infection is the subject of current research.<\/p>\n

Immunohistochemical analysis of protein expression.<\/h2>\n

Scientists at the University Hospital of Basel isolated human bronchial epithelial cells from the two immortalized cell lines BEAS-2B and Nuli as well as primary human bronchial epithelial cells from patients without chronic inflammatory lung disease. Cell isolates were treated with OM-85 at various dilution levels (0, 1:10, 1:20, 1:50, 1:100) in cell culture medium for a period of 5 days [2]. Two application schemes were used: (i) single treatment at day 0 to investigate how durable the effects of OM-85 on protein expression are; and (ii) daily treatment with OM-85.<\/p>\n

Quantitative PCR (qPCR) and Western blot were used to analyze the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2), and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4), disintegrin, and metalloproteinases (ADAM17) [2]. The ELISA method was used to quantify various soluble proteins such as sACE2, heparan sulfate, heparanase, and hyaluronic acid.<\/p>\n

Treatment of cells with OM-85 modulates relevant components   <\/h2>\n

Data analyses showed that OM-85 resulted in significantly reduced expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 (p<0.001 for each) (Fig. 1) <\/span> [2]. This finding is consistent with another in vitro study that also examined the effects of OM-85 on human epithelial tissue of target organs of the novel coronavirus [3]. Both enzymes play important roles in the infection process of SARS-CoV-2 because, in addition to ACE2 binding, activation of the spike protein by TMPRSS2 is required for virus entry into the cell [4]. Heparan sulfate expression was also significantly reduced in cells pretreated with OM-85 (p<0.01). Heparan sulfate was identified as a potential auxiliary factor of initial SARS-CoV-2 binding to the cell [5].  In contrast, the expression of ADAM17 (p<0.02) was significantly upregulated by OM-85, and the level of soluble ACE2 increased (p<0.05) [2]. Apparently, it is exclusively the membrane-bound ACE2 that facilitates virus entry, respectively, SARS-CoV-2 serves as a portal of entry into lung cells and other tissues [6]. In contrast, there is evidence that the soluble form of ACE2 competes for binding of SARS-CoV-2 virus, thereby impeding viral entry into the host cell and slowing infection [6].<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Conclusion<\/h2>\n

All of the data presented in the study by Fang et al. observed effects of OM-85 were concentration- and time-dependent [2]. Overall, the results suggest that OM-85 is able to reduce the binding of SARS-CoV-2 S protein to epithelial cells by modifying host cell membrane proteins. According to study authors, this is an indication that OM-85 may be useful as an add-on to the treatment of covid-19.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Literature:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Swissmedicinfo: Medicinal Product Information, www.swissmedicinfo.ch (last accessed Mar. 24, 202).<\/li>\n
  2. Fang L, et al: Biomedicines 2021; 9(11): 1544.<\/li>\n
  3. Pivniouk V, et al: Allergy Clin Immunol 2021.<\/li>\n
  4. Hoffmann M, et al: Cell 2020; 181 (2): 271-228.<\/li>\n
  5. Clausen TM, et al.: Cell 2020; 183: 1043-1057.e15<\/li>\n
  6. “Soluble ACE2 at COVID-19 on the Bench,” www.deutsche-apotheker-zeitung.de\/news\/artikel\/2020\/04\/02\/loesliches-ace2-bei-covid-19-auf-dem-pruefstand (last accessed Mar. 24, 202).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

     <\/p>\n

    HAUSARZT PRAXIS 2022; 17(4): 26<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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