{"id":344246,"date":"2014-11-18T01:00:00","date_gmt":"2014-11-18T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/medizinonline.com\/a-cigarette-in-the-morning-brings-sorrow-and-worries\/"},"modified":"2014-11-18T01:00:00","modified_gmt":"2014-11-18T00:00:00","slug":"a-cigarette-in-the-morning-brings-sorrow-and-worries","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/medizinonline.com\/en\/a-cigarette-in-the-morning-brings-sorrow-and-worries\/","title":{"rendered":"A cigarette in the morning brings sorrow and worries"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>According to new data, passive and active smoking significantly increases breast cancer risk. Young women are particularly at risk after menarche and before their first full-term pregnancy (FFTP). In addition, the first cigarette in the morning seems to be the most important factor for lung cancer.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p> <!--more--> <\/p>\n<p><em>(ag) <\/em>Several recent cohort studies have shown that increased breast cancer risk is associated with:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>higher &#8220;pack years&#8221; (unit defined as one pack of cigarettes per day over one year)<\/li>\n<li>longer smoking time.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Furthermore, a dependence relationship between dose and response was shown between menarche and FFTP with increasing &#8220;pack years&#8221;. Passive smoking was also tested as a risk factor: An association was also found here between the passively ingested (lifetime) dose and breast cancer risk.<\/p>\n<p>In the EPIC cohort [1], these results were again emphatically confirmed: Compared with women who never smoked and reported no exposure to passive smoke at work or home at the time of study registration, the active and passive smokers had a significantly increased risk of breast cancer (10-16%). Again, the most relevant risk increase was as a function of &#8220;pack years&#8221; between menarche and FFTP. The probability increased by a full 73% per 20 &#8220;pack years&#8221; (i.e., if someone smoked two packs a day for, say, over ten years, 2x 10 = 20). Exactly the opposite trend was seen after menopause: the risk decreased by 47% per 20 &#8220;pack years&#8221;.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"the-first-cigarette-makes-the-difference\">The first cigarette makes the difference<\/h2>\n<p>To simplify the stratification of individuals at particular risk for lung cancer, one study [2] tested the informative value of an extremely simple measurement: the question about the time to first cigarette after waking (&#8220;TTFC&#8221;).<\/p>\n<p>Beyond other measures such as intensity, duration, and &#8220;pack years,&#8221; this simple survey was shown to have statistical relevance: 3249 individuals who had formerly smoked were studied (control group without lung cancer, n=1437\/group with lung cancer, n=1812). It was found that the likelihood of lung cancer was significantly related to TTFC. Compared to individuals with a TTFC over 60 minutes:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>the odds ratio at 31-60 minutes was 2.57<\/li>\n<li>the odds ratio at 6-30 minutes was 2.27<\/li>\n<li>the odds ratio for less than five minutes was 3.50.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>According to the authors, this is therefore a useful tool for specifying risk assessment, which could also be used in smoking cessation programs in the future.<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"literature\">Literature:<\/h4>\n<ol>\n<li>Dossus L, et al: Int J Cancer 2014 Apr 15; 134(8): 1871-1888.<\/li>\n<li>Gu F, et al: J Natl Cancer Inst 2014; 107(6): dju118. doi:10.1093\/jnci\/dju118.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><em>InFo ONCOLOGY &amp; HEMATOLOGY 2014; 2(9): 5.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>According to new data, passive and active smoking significantly increases breast cancer risk. Young women are particularly at risk after menarche and before their first full-term pregnancy (FFTP). In addition,&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":47704,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"pmpro_default_level":"","cat_1_feature_home_top":false,"cat_2_editor_pick":false,"csco_eyebrow_text":"Smoking and cancer","footnotes":"","_members_access_role":[],"_members_access_error":""},"category":[11400,11500,11370,11548],"tags":[],"powerkit_post_featured":[],"class_list":["post-344246","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-gynecology","category-news-en","category-oncology","category-rx-en","pmpro-has-access"],"acf":[],"publishpress_future_action":{"enabled":false,"date":"2026-07-30 00:10:42","action":"change-status","newStatus":"draft","terms":[],"taxonomy":"category","extraData":[]},"publishpress_future_workflow_manual_trigger":{"enabledWorkflows":[]},"wpml_current_locale":"en_US","wpml_translations":{"fr_FR":{"locale":"fr_FR","id":344249,"slug":"une-cigarette-le-matin-apporte-chagrin-et-soucis","post_title":"Une cigarette le matin apporte chagrin et soucis","href":"https:\/\/medizinonline.com\/fr\/une-cigarette-le-matin-apporte-chagrin-et-soucis\/"},"it_IT":{"locale":"it_IT","id":344206,"slug":"una-sigaretta-al-mattino-porta-tristezza-e-preoccupazione","post_title":"Una sigaretta al mattino porta tristezza e preoccupazione.","href":"https:\/\/medizinonline.com\/it\/una-sigaretta-al-mattino-porta-tristezza-e-preoccupazione\/"},"pt_PT":{"locale":"pt_PT","id":344214,"slug":"um-cigarro-de-manha-traz-tristeza-e-preocupacao","post_title":"Um cigarro de manh\u00e3 traz tristeza e preocupa\u00e7\u00e3o","href":"https:\/\/medizinonline.com\/pt-pt\/um-cigarro-de-manha-traz-tristeza-e-preocupacao\/"},"es_ES":{"locale":"es_ES","id":344215,"slug":"un-cigarrillo-por-la-manana-trae-tristeza-y-preocupacion","post_title":"Un cigarrillo por la ma\u00f1ana trae tristeza y preocupaci\u00f3n","href":"https:\/\/medizinonline.com\/es\/un-cigarrillo-por-la-manana-trae-tristeza-y-preocupacion\/"}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/medizinonline.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/344246","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/medizinonline.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/medizinonline.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medizinonline.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medizinonline.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=344246"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/medizinonline.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/344246\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medizinonline.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/47704"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/medizinonline.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=344246"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medizinonline.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/category?post=344246"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medizinonline.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=344246"},{"taxonomy":"powerkit_post_featured","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medizinonline.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/powerkit_post_featured?post=344246"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}