{"id":381267,"date":"2024-06-08T23:00:00","date_gmt":"2024-06-08T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/medizinonline.com\/innovative-analysis-method-provides-new-insights-into-the-skin-microbiome\/"},"modified":"2024-08-09T10:11:28","modified_gmt":"2024-08-09T08:11:28","slug":"innovative-analysis-method-provides-new-insights-into-the-skin-microbiome","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/medizinonline.com\/en\/innovative-analysis-method-provides-new-insights-into-the-skin-microbiome\/","title":{"rendered":"Innovative analysis method provides new insights into the skin microbiome"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Links between dermal dysbiosis and skin diseases have been the subject of intensive research for several years. A research team involving the Technical University of Munich recently succeeded in using transcriptome analyses to gain new insights into the role of cutaneous dysbiosis in Darier’s disease and to uncover associations with disease characteristics such as inflammatory processes and odor formation. DNA barcoding was used in conjunction with modern sequencing technology.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Darier’s disease (Kasten)<\/strong> is often associated with bacterial and viral skin infections [1]. Dodiuk-Gad et al. demonstrated a high prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) colonization<\/em>in skin lesions in patients with Darier’s disease [4]. Furthermore, a correlation was found between the severity of the disease and the extent of S. aureus colonization<\/em>. These findings point to a pathogenic role of the microbiome. Until recently, however, there were no studies in which the cutaneous microbiome of Darier’s patients was analyzed using next-generation sequencing methods.<\/p>\n\n

Darier’s disease (Darier’s disease) is an autosomal-dominantly inherited skin disease characterized by abnormalities in the cell-cell adhesion of keratinocytes and the resulting abnormal keratinization of the skin [1]. The cause is a mutation of the ATPA2 gene, which leads to a disruption of intracellular Ca2+ signaling. The clinical manifestations are dyskeratotic papules, usually in seborrheic and intertriginous areas. Palmoplantar involvement and nail infestation are frequently present [2,3].<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n

Microbiome analysis using 16S metabarcoding approach<\/h3>\n\n

To find out what role microbes play in skin inflammation and the unpleasant odor typical of Darier’s disease, Dr. Yacine Amar and colleagues conducted a study using 16S rRNA gene sequencing [5,6]. They were able to show that the disease-specific microbiome in Darier’s disease is characterized by a loss of microbial diversity and potentially beneficial microorganisms. In addition, inflammation-associated microbes correlated strongly with the severity of the disease and body odor. The study by Amar et al. patients with Darier’s disease (n=14) and healthy age- and sex-matched controls (n=14) were included [5]. A total of 115 swabs were collected and analyzed using a 16S metabarcoding approach. Conventional DNA barcoding is combined with next-generation sequencing. The skin swabs of Darier’s disease patients were taken from inflamed (IDS) and non-inflamed inguinal and axillary sites (NIDS). In total, there were 3.27 \u00d7106<\/sup> filtered reads with an average number of high-quality reads of 2.84 \u00d7104<\/sup> per sample, resulting in 348 different operational taxonomic units ( <\/em>OTUs) in the analyzed samples [6]. <\/p>\n\n

Disease-specific skin microbiome identified <\/h3>\n\n

In Darier’s disease, all skin smears (IDS and NIDS) were characterized by increased staphylococcal colonization, accompanied by a reduced proportion of cutibacteria. Species-level analyses (97% similarity of OTU) showed a high relative abundance of reads associated with S. aureus<\/em> and S. warneri<\/em> in patient skin swabs and a concomitant decrease in potentially beneficial commensals such as S. epidermidis, S. hominis, Cutibacterium acnes, Streptococcus thermophilus, Paracoccus yeei<\/em> and Micrococcus luteus<\/em> [6]. The dysbiosis associated with M. Darier was characterized by an increase in species from the Corynebacterium, Staphylococcus and Streptococcus groups, which correlated strongly with odor intensity [5]. Transcriptome analyses revealed an upregulation of epidermal repair, inflammation and immune defense pathways reflecting epithelial and immunological mechanisms of Darier’s disease-associated dysbiosis. In contrast, the downregulation of cadherin-4 and the tight junction protein claudin-4 indicates an impairment of the skin barrier [5,6]. Overall, these analytical results underline the role of cutaneous dysbiosis in inflammation in Darier’s disease and the associated odor formation and also point to potential biomarkers [5,6]. <\/p>\n\n

Take-Home-Messages<\/strong><\/p>\n\n