Drug therapy – Update 2025

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD) is a chronic inflammatory multisystem disease caused primarily by inhaled noxious substances in combination with environmental factors and genetic predispositions. The presence of such a disease means that the comorbidities associated with COPD should be taken into account in both diagnosis and treatment. First and foremost, cardiovascular comorbidities should be mentioned. In the advanced stage, osteoporosis and muscle hypotrophy are important comorbidities that should be addressed.