Vulnerable at the mercy of others

While COVID-19 mRNA vaccines induce a robust systemic immune response in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), little is known about their efficacy in the mucosal immune system. Researchers have presented a substudy of the ongoing STAR-SIGN trial: In it, they analyzed the mucosal immunity induced by XBB.1.5 mRNA vaccines in immunocompromised patients with IBD.