The “Hotspots” Theory and the Moose Injection Technique

A recent review article summarized findings on motor microinnervation and the topography of neuromuscular end plates in the muscles of the upper half of the face to facilitate the best possible anatomy-based planning of wrinkle treatment with botulinum toxin. Another recently published article introduces the Moose technique—a procedure that, based on new insights into muscle interactions, aims to optimize eyebrow lifts while minimizing side effects such as the “omega” sign.