Integrin modulation for the control of metastases in cisplatin-resistant bladder cancer

Urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder is a prime example of the clinical conflict between therapeutic progress and biological resistance. While superficial tumors can often be successfully resected or controlled with intravesical therapies, metastatic or muscle-invasive tumors are often fatal. One of the greatest challenges: cellular resistance to platinum-based chemotherapeutic agents – especially cisplatin, which is still considered the gold standard in systemic therapy.