The Tumor Microenvironment and Modern Eye-Sparing Therapies

Retinoblastoma is considered the prototypical pediatric tumor, whose biology is closely linked to the development of immature retinal tissue. New molecular and immunological findings show that the tumor microenvironment is far more complex than previously thought and plays a decisive role in tumor progression. At the same time, innovative local and systemic therapies are increasingly offering eye-sparing options and fundamentally transforming clinical care.