From tumor biology to innovative therapies

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most aggressive urological tumors worldwide. Despite significant advances in molecular characterization and therapy, the disease remains clinically challenging due to late diagnosis, complex pathomechanisms and a high rate of treatment resistance. New insights into genetics, metabolism, immune interaction and tumor microenvironment have not only deepened our understanding of the pathophysiology, but have also paved the way for innovative, personalized therapies.