What has stayed the same, what has changed?

Over the past decades, significant progress has been made in understanding the pathogenesis of chronic inducible urticaria (CIndU). Provocation tests continue to play an important role in confirming the diagnosis. For patients who do not achieve disease control despite H1 antihistamines or omalizumab, numerous biologics and small molecules are currently being investigated in clinical trials, most – but not all – of which are directed against new therapeutic targets.